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1 κύανος
A dark-blue enamel, esp. used to adorn armour,δέκα οἶμοι μέλανος κυάνοιο Il.11.24
, cf. 35;πτύχες κυάνου Hes.Sc. 143
; also θριγκὸς κυάνοιο, of a cornice, Od.7.87; so perh. in IG12.367.7, 42(1).102.244 (Epid.).2 lapis lazuli, κ. αὐτοφυής (opp. σκευαστός) Thphr.Lap.39, al., Dsc.5.91, etc. (perh. also in Pl.Phd. 113c); κ. ἄρρην, θῆλυς, Thphr.Lap.31: also an imitation made in Egypt, ib.55.5 a bird, perh. blue thrush, Turdus cyanus, Arist.HA 617a23, Ael.NA4.59.6 sea-water, Hsch.7 fem., the colour blue, Alex.Aphr.in Mete.162.4. -
2 πράσον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `leek, Allium porrum', also of a kind of seaweed like leek (com., Thphr.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. πρασο-ειδής `leek-like', from the colour (Hp., Arist.), θαλασσό-πρασον n. of a seaweed (Ath. Mech.).Derivatives: 1. πράσ-ιος (Pl.), - ινος (Arist., LXX), - ιανός (M. Ant.), - ώδης (Thphr.) `leek-colour, blue-green' (Capelle RhM 101, 35); 2. - ῖτις f. n. of a stone, after the colour (Thphr.; Redard 59f.); 3. - ιον n. plant-name `horehound, Marrubium etc.' (Hp., Arist., Thphr.; Andrews ClassPhil. 56, 76); from this πρασίτης οἶνος? (v.l. in Dsc. 5, 48; Redard 98); 4. πρασιά, Ion. - ιή, mostly pl. - ιαί, f. `garden-bed', prop. "leek-bed" (Od., hell.), pl. att. Demos and town in Laconia (Th.), with - ιάζομαι, - ιόομαι `to be divided in beds' (Aq.); Scheller Oxytonierung 67; 5. πρασίζω `to be leek-coloured' (Dsc.); 6. Πρασσαῖος m. nickname of a frog (Batr.; - σσ- hypocoristic; ?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The traditional identification with Lat. porrum (since Fick and Curtius) would lead to IE *pr̥som; the remarkable maintenance of the - σ- reminds of δασύς (s.v. w. lit.) beside Lat. densus. For a loan from a common source (Schwyzer 58) factual considerations can be adduced; cf. Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 710ff., to this Vycichl Sprache 9, 21 f. (Anatol.-Sum.[?]). Further lit. w. other hypotheses (to be rejected) in WP. 2, 84, Walde LEW2 and W. -Hofmann s. porrum. -- If the word is Pre-Greek, this may explain the - σ- (not in Furnée).Page in Frisk: 2,589Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πράσον
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3 κυάνεος
κῠᾰν-εος, α, ον, [var] contr. [full] κῠᾰνοῦς, ῆ, οῦν Pl.Ti. 68c, etc., prob. in A.Pers.81 (lyr.), Euph.51.7 (cf.II of the colour of κ., dark-blue, glossy, of the swallow, Simon.74; of the halcyon, Arist.HA 616a15; of the skin of the porpoise, ib. 566b12; of the deep sea, E.IT7, cf. Arist.Pr. 932a31;πόντου κ. δῖναι Xenarch.1.7
; κ. χρῶμα Pl.l.c.;τὸ κ. ἐξ ἰσάτιδος καὶ πυρώδους Thphr.Sens.77
.2 generally, dark, black, of the mourning veil of Thetis, Il.24.94; of clouds, 5.345, 20.418, Od.12.75; of the brows of Zeus, Il.1.528;χαῖται 22.402
;γενειάδες Od.16.176
; ἄνδρες, of Africans, Hes.Op. 527; γαῖα ψάμμῳ κυανέη (of the bottom of Charybdis) Od.12.243; κ. χθών, of Delos, Pi.Fr.87.4; κ. θάλαμος, of the chamber of Persephone, Sapph.119; φάλαγγες κ. dark masses of warriors, Il.4.282;κυάνεον Τρώων νέφος 16.66
: metaph.,Κῆρες κ. Hes.Sc. 249
;κ. δνόφος Simon.37.8
;λόχμα Pi.O.6.40
;Ἄιδης IG14.1389i
i25. [[pron. full] ῡ, metri gr., in dactylic verse, Hom., etc.]Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κυάνεος
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4 ἴον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `violet' (Hom., Thphr.).Compounds: Determin. comp. λευκό-ϊον = ἴον λευκόν `stock-gillyflower' (Thphr.; Risch IF. 59, 257); often as 1. member, e. g. ἰο-ειδής `violet-coloured' ( πόντος; Il.), ἰο-στέφανος `violet-crowned', Athen (h. Hom. 6, 18, Pi., Thgn.), ἰό-κολπος `with violet bossom' (Sapph.; vgl. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 171), ἰο-δνεφής, s. δνόφος; on ἰάνθινος s. v. Wrong Bénaky REGr. 28, 16ff.: ἴον in ἰο-ειδής etc. IIp referring to the colour.Derivatives: ἰόεις `violet-coloured' = `dark-blue' ( σίδηρος Ψ 850, θάλασσα Nic.); ἰωνιά `violet-bed', also plant-name (Thphr.), after ῥοδων-ιά, θημων-ιά (Scheller Oxytonierung 70f.); ἰοντῖτις f. plant-name = ἀριστολόχεια (Dsc.; after κληματῖτις?, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 72).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Medit.Etymology: H. γία (= Ϝία) ἄνθη and the epic metrics confirm the connection with Lat. viola; both prob. come from a Mediterranean language, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,729Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴον
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5 Ὑάκινθος
A Hyacinthus, a Laconian youth, beloved by Apollo, who killed him by an unlucky cast of the discus, E.Hel. 1469 (lyr.), Apollod.3.10.3, Paus.3.1.3: cf. Ὑακίνθια.B as Appellat.,I [full] ὑάκινθος, ὁ, Il. 14.348, Paus.1.35.4; but ἡ in Sapph.94, Thphr.HP6.8.2, Theoc., etc. (v. infr.):—wild hyacinth, bluebell, Scilla bifolia, Il. l. c., h.Cer.7, Thphr.HP6.8.1, Dsc.4.62.2 blue larkspur, Delphinium Ajacis,ὑ. σπαρτή Thphr. HP6.8.2
; said to have sprung up from the blood of Hyacinthus or (acc. to others) of Telamonian Ajax: and the ancients thought they could decipher on the petals the initial letters AI, or the interj. AIAI, cf. Mosch.3.6; hence the epithetsγραπτά Theoc.10.28
;αἰαστής Nic.Fr.74.31
;πολύθρηνος Id.Th. 902
;πολύκλαυτος IG 14.607
; cf. Ps.-Dsc.3.73.3 ὑ. πορφυρέη, prob. Lilium Martagon, Euph.40, AP5.146 (Mel.).IIὑάκινθος, ἡ Hld.
, ὁ Ph. and J.:—a precious stone, of blue colour (J.AJ3.7.7), perh. aquamarine, Apoc.21.20, Peripl.M.Rubr.56, Luc.Syr.D.32, Hld.2.30, Cod.Just.11.12.1, etc.; cf. Plin.HN37.125.III name of a blue colour, J.AJ3.6.1, PHolm.17.3; blue stuff, LXX Ex.28.8, Ph.2.148, J.BJ5.5.4;χιτώνια τὴν χροιὰν ὑακίνθου Arr.Tact.34.6
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Ὑάκινθος
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6 γλαυκός
A gleaming (cf. γλαύσσω, γλαυσός), once in Hom.,γλαυκὴ δέ σε τίκτε θάλασσα Il.16.34
(hence γλαυκὴ δυσπέμφελος, = the sea, Hes. Th. 440): so in Trag. (not A.),γ. λίμνα S.Fr. 371
, 476;ἅλς E.Cyc.16
; (lyr.); laterγ. σελάνα Mesom.Sol.21
;πλήθοντα πυρὸς γλαυκοῖο σελήνη Tryph.514
;ἀστέρες Him.Ecl.13.37
;γ. ἠώς Theoc.16.5
; alsoγ. δράκων Pi.O.8.37
(expld. by Sch.as, = γλαύκωψ, γλαυκῶπις).II later, of colour (κυανοῦς λευκῷ κεραννύμενος Pl.Ti. 68c
; cf. γλαυκότερον κυάνοιο φαείνεται Hegesiana x 1), bluish green or grey, of the olive, S.OC 701, E.IT 1101, Tr. 802 (all lyr.), etc.; of the elder, Emp.93; ὀπώρα, of grapes, S.Tr. 703; of vine leaves, AP9.87 (Marc. Arg.); of the beryl and topaz, D.P.1119 sq.;μάραγδος Nonn.D.5.178
.2 freq. of the eye, light blue, grey, opp. μέλας, χαροπός, Arist.GA 779b13, HA 492a3, cf. Paus.1.14.6;ἔθνος γ. ἰσχυρῶς καὶ πυρρόν Hdt.4.108
, cf. Hp.Aër.14, Arist.Pr. 892a3, etc.;γ. Ἀθάνα E.Heracl. 754
(lyr.), Theoc.28.1, cf. Plot.4.4.19; cf. γλαυκῶπις: —this colour was not admired, Luc.DMeretr.2.1, Philostr. VA7.42.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γλαυκός
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7 μέλας
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `dark-coloured, black' (Il.); μελάν-τερος (Il.), - τατος (IA.), late μελανώτερος Str.), μελαινοτάτη ( Epigr. Gr., AP; Leumann Mus. Helv. 2,9f. = Kl.Schr. 223f.).Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e.g. μελάγ-χροος (pl. - ες), - χροιής, - χρής, - χρως- μελανό-χροος etc. `with dark skin' (see Sommer Nominalkomp. 21ff.; also Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 52 a. 80); μελαγ-χιμος `dark, black' (A., E., X.), with faded 2. member, cp. δύσ-χιμος and Sommer 71ff.; μελάν-δετος prob. `dark-striped' or `with dark bands' (O713, A., E.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 62, Risch 189); μελάν-δρυ-ος `of black wood (δόρυ)' (A. Fr. 251), n. `heart-wood, marrow' (Thphr., Strömberg Theophrastea 128), pl. `piece of tunny', with which μελάν-δρυς m. `tunny' (Pamphil.; Strömberg Fischnamen 128); μελάμ-πυρον n. (- ος m.) `ball-mustard, Neslia paniculata' (Thphr., Gal.); with the form. cf. διόσπυρον (s.v.), on the meaning Carnoy REGr. 71, 96; μελαγ-κάλαμον n. dvandva `ink and pen' (pap. Vp, Maas Glotta 35, 299f.). Often in PN, with as shortnames e.g. Μελαινεύς, Μελανεύς, Μελανθεύς, Μέλανθος (Boßhardt 95, 101, 154, Schwyzer 263).Derivatives: 1. μελαιν-άς f. name of a dark-coloured fish (Cratin. [?]; Strömberg Fischnamen 22); - ίς f. name of a sea-shell (Sophr., Herod., Xenokr.), also name of Aphrodite in Corinth (Ath.). 2. μελάν-ιον n. `ink' (pap., Edict. Diocl.; from μέλαν, Georgacas Glotta 36, 169). 3. μελαν-ία f. `blackness, black shadow, black colour' (X., Arist.), - ότης f. `blackness' (Arist.: λευκότης). 4. μελανός = μέλας (Sp.), - όν n. `black pigment' ( Sammelb. IVp); after κελαινός, ὀρφνός etc.; μελαιναῖος `id.' ( Orac. Sib.; after κνεφαῖος a.o.; Chantraine Form. 47); μελανώδης `blackish' (EM). -- Denominative verbs: 1. μελαίνομαι, -ω `become, make dark, black' (Il.); from this μέλανσις f. `blackening' (Arist.), μέλασ-μα n. `black spot, black paint' (Hp.), - μός m. `blackening, black spot' (Hp., Plu.), μελαντηρ-ία f. `black pigment, blackness' (IG 22, 1672, Arist.), - ιον `stain' (sch.). 2. μελάνω `become (make?) black' (H 64; Schwyzer 700, Shipp Studies 37). 3. μελανέω intr. `id.' (Thphr., A. R., Call.)Etymology: To μέλᾱς \< *μέλᾰν-ς, μέλαινα (\< - αν- ι̯α), μέλᾰν is τάλᾱς, τάλαινα, τάλαν a parallel, where it must be noted that τάλας seems to be an orig. ντ-stem. --The identification of μέλαινα with Skt. f. malinī (supp. IE *melh₂n-i̯ǝ), to which a consonantic m. μελαν- was innovated for an older *μέλανος = Skt. malina-'dirty' (Schwyzer IF 30, 446ff. after Brugmann Grundr. 2: 1, 256 n. 1), fails because malinī is known only as a gloss and in the sense of `menstruating woman'; masc. malina- is further an ep.-class. deriv. from Ved. mála- n. `dirt'; s. Sommer Nominalkomp. 25, Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 351 f. Of the many words cited under the words mel- indicating colour in WP. 2, 293 f., Pok. 720 f. only a few Baltic formations with n-suffix are interesting, Latv. męl̃ns `black' (see Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 237), OPr. melne `blue spot', mīlinan acc. f. `spot' (further Fraenkel Wb. s. mė́las 2). -- Further s. μολύνω, also μελίνη and μώλωψ.Page in Frisk: 2,198-199Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέλας
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8 γλαύκων
γλαύξthe little owl: fem gen pl (attic)γλαΰκων, γλαύξthe little owl: fem gen plγλαῦκοςfish of grey colour: masc gen plγλαυκόωdye blue-grey: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)γλαυκόωdye blue-grey: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic) -
9 χαροπότης
A brightness of eye, Stoic.3.33, Archyt. ap. Simp. in Cat.93.2, EM807.30.2 light-blue colour, of the eyes of the Germans, Plu.Mar.11; also αἰθέριος χ., of sky-blue, Id.2.352d.3 brightness, Simp. in Cat.298.15.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χαροπότης
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10 μάρμαρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `stone, (piece of) rock' (M 380, ι 499, prob. also E. Ph. 663 [lyr.] and Ar. Ach. 1172 [lyr.]), also appositive (attributive) to πέτρος (Π 735, E. Ph. 1401); `white stone, marble' (Hp., Thphr., Theoc.); also μάρμαρον n. `id.' (Call., late inscr.); also `callosity on the foot of asses' ( Hippiatr.).Derivatives: μαρμάρ-ινος (Theoc., inscr.), - εος (inscr., pap., AP) `of marble'; - όεις `gleaming like marble' (S.), - ώδης `marble-like' (Et. Gud.); uncertain μαρμαρικός ( ἄσβεστος, PHolm. 25, 19); prob. rather to Μαρμαρική. Further μαρμαρῖτις ( πέτρα) `marble-like' (Ph. Byz.); also plantname, `peony, Fumaria' (Ps.-Dsc.; because of the blue-gray colour; Strömberg Pfl.namen 26), also `peony' (Plin., who explains the name from the standing-place; cf. Redard 57 a. 74). μαρμαρ-άριος `marbleworkerer' (inscr.; = Lat. marmorārius). Denom. verb μαρμαρόομαι, - όω `be changed into marble, cover with marble' (Lyc., Hero), with (formally) μαρμάρωσις `callosity' ( Hippiatr.); best direct from μάρμαρον, cf. on ἀέτωσις sub αἰετός. -- μαρμαρωσσός `with callosity' ( Hippiatr.) from Lat. marmorōsus `id.'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The original sense of `stone, rock' prob. with Prellwitz to μάρναμαι (?. Cf. Lat. rumpō: rūpēs); the meaning `marble' from the folketymological connection with μαρμαίρω, μαρμάρεος. How old the veterinary-medicinal meaning `callosity' is, cannot be established; it does not represent in any case an independent development from a supposed "basic meaning" (*hardening' v.t.), but comes rather from `stone' or `marble'. The same development is seen in the lat. LW [loanword] marmor. From Latin came the Westeurop. and Westslavic forms; Ukr. mrámor influenced also by μάρμαρος? Rich lit. in W.-Hofmann s. marmor. P. Mazon prefers a connection with μαρμαίρω; cf. LSJ `a crystalline rock which sparkles'. In any case the formation of the word (- μαρ-ος) remains unclear, which makes Pre-Greek origin probable, so that connection with μάρναμαι must be given up.See also: -- Weiteres s. μάρναμαι.Page in Frisk: 2,176-177Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάρμαρος
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11 χλωρός
χλωρός, ά, ό (cp. χλόη ‘a young green shoot or plant’, but s. DELG s.v. χλωρός and Frisk s.v. χλόη on relationship of the two words) an adj. of color somewhat indeterminate in sense, but gener. as part of the spectrum lying betwen blue and yellow, with shade more closely defined through context.① yellowish-green, (light) green of plants (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; En 5:1; TestGad 2:2; Philo) χλωρὸς χόρτος (PLond II, 287, 15 p. 202 [I A.D.] al.; Gen 1:30) Mk 6:39; Rv 8:7. Of branches or sticks green, fresh Hs 8, 1, 10–18; 8, 2, 2 v.l.; 4 al. Of vegetation 9, 1, 6f; 9, 21, 1; 9, 22, 1; 9, 24, 1; cp. 9, 21, 2 w. application to the doubters, who are neither green nor dry.—Subst. τὸ χλωρόν (oft. pap). πᾶν χλωρόν everything that is green = every plant (Gen 2:5; Dt 29:22) Rv 9:4.② pale, greenish gray (cp. the relatively paler appearance of the dorsal side of a leaf compared to its ventral side) as the color of a pers. in sickness contrasted with appearance in health (Hippocr., Prognost. 2 p. 79, 18 Kühlew.; Thu. 2, 49, 5; Maximus Tyr. 20, 5b.—Of ‘pale’ fear Il. 7, 479; 10, 376), so the horse ridden by Death (χλ. of death Sappho, Fgm. 2, 14 Diehl2 [31, 14 L-P.]; Artem. 1, 77 p. 71, 27) ἵππος χλωρός Rv 6:8 (see s.v. πυρρός).—RGradwohl, D. Farben im AT, Beih. ZAW 83, ’63, 27–33; EIrwin, Colour Terms in Greek Poetry ’74, 31–78 (in Sappho: χλ. ‘greener than grass’; s. HKing IJCT 2, ’96, 376, 26 [lit.]).—B. 1058. Schmidt, Syn. III 51–54. M-M.
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